Tuesday, March 5, 2019

A Nolichucky River Sand Mine

Stan Olmstead
P.O. Box 403
Jonesborough TN 37659
stanolmstead@gmail.com

March 4, 2019


T.D.E.C: Division of Water Resources
William Snodgrass Tower
312 Rosa L. Parks Avenue, 11th Floor
Nashville TN 37243


To the Division of Water Resources - Tennessee
Re: NPDES Permit #TN0070394

The following is a comment on State water quality and the proposed surface wastewater discharge to the Nolichucky River by Daniels & Parvin Sand Company. This sand company is a property owner asking to establish water discharge under an individual wastewater permit in association with processed mine materials from a proposed 9.45 acre, sand and gravel pit adjacent to the Nolichucky River. This comment is associated with the authorization of the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit number TN0070394 that would authorize discharge of sand and gravel pit “waters” from the pit excavation area as well as haul and access roads of the operation and these waste waters are to be emptied into the Nolichucky River. These wastewaters will increase total suspended solids and cause potential pH changes of the River at Outfall #001 located at river mile 61. The draft permit says nothing of other materials that may be associated with the disturbed location of the proposed sand and gravel pit.

Our resource protection agencies state and federal appear more interested in economic gains than they have concern to the environment? The lack of this environmental concern is not accepted in the intent of federal and state water quality law but it can be identified in the science and health of the river.  However a reading of water quality law does show an allowance for pollution within standards. These caveats of law, these loopholes of legal language are the specifics of the law that negate the water quality acts that are used by our resource protection agencies and allow pollutions that degrade waters and in turn degrade the aquatics of the river system and negatively impact the human environment.

The intent of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972; (33 U.S.C. 1251), aka: Clean Water Act (CWA), is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters by preventing point and nonpoint pollution.  The CWA preamble declares that: “Our nation’s waters should be swimmable and fishable”. This legal obligation improves our national waters and the requirement should be to improve and continue to improve our state and national waters as we look for ways to keep our rivers healthy now and into the future.  I contend that the state of Tennessee is not being diligent in fulfilling this obligation.

The intent of Tennessee Water Quality Control Act (TWQCA; T.C.A 69-3-102) is to recognize that the waters of Tennessee are the property of the state and are held in public trust for the use of the people of the state, it is declared as public policy that the people of Tennessee, as beneficiaries of this trust, have a right to unpolluted waters. In the exercise of its public trust over the waters of the state, the state of Tennessee has an obligation to take all prudent steps to secure, protect, and preserve this right. It is further declared that the purpose of this is to abate existing pollution of the waters of Tennessee, to reclaim polluted waters, to prevent the future pollution of the waters, and to plan for the future use of the waters so that the water resources of Tennessee might be used and enjoyed to the fullest extent consistent with unpolluted waters.

The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) has primacy with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) oversight to assure that water, air and soil of the state are not negatively impacted. Daniels and Parvin Sand Company is requesting authorization to pollute state and national waters for obvious economic gain at the expense of the river’s water quality and against their fellow citizens whom will be required to pay for the pollution once the sand and gravel operation is initiated and for many decades to come. The total suspended solids and other contaminating materials which may or may not be known that will enter the Nolichucky will result in not only degraded waters but have lasting degradation of the waters down stream as these materials work their way to the Gulf of Mexico.

A case in point is Nolichucky Dam and the history of Davy Crockett Lake. Built in 1913 with an 11,000 acre foot water capacity and intended for electric generation then abandoned for hydroelectricity in 1972 with 8,800 acre feet of sediments and 2,200 acre feet of water and no longer of use other than a poor and contaminated water fowl refuge and a problem that is unsolvable. Daniels and Parvin Sand Company proposal is but one more intended insult to the Nolichucky River amongst thousands of other insults that will add sediments and contaminants to the river in an ever increasing process of making the down stream water quality degraded by the analyzed materials and in addition those materials not asked for analysis or monitoring but are likely present in the project area.

The draft water discharge permit proposal has been processed and written poorly. The document, whomever the author may be, as developed has overlooked a myriad of concerns for water quality, human health, aquatic health, procedures, and cumulative impacts to the river system. I have looked for the engineering report to analyze the containment dike/stream buffer integrity without success.

I ask that TDEC re-evaluate the proposal and to deny the discharge as presently proposed for the following reasons.

1.     It is inconsistent with the intent of the Clean Water Act and the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act.
2.     The Tennessee state rules and regulations for water pollution are extremely lenient for industry and point source pollution as well as failing in non-point source water pollution which cause a cumulative negative impact on our state and national surface and ground waters.
3.     The state by allowing the degradation of waters is inconsistent with the civil rights of our citizens that expect our government; Local, State and National to work in our best interest and prevent the degradation of our waters.

The discharge of this polluted water will alter the ecology of the Nolichucky River and will impact the aquatic life of the river. This impact is not only to the aquatic organisms that are state and federally listed as endangered, threatened or sensitive, but also the non-federally and state listed flora and fauna that are vital for a healthy ecosystem.  The permit draft only includes total suspended solids (TSS) and pH values that limit pH change of the river between 6 – 9 with no more than a single pH change within a 24-hour period, other potential contaminates from these riverbank materials are not asked to be monitored nor are they envisioned by the reporting draft document.  Metals and other water contaminants are potentially residing in these materials from previous water quality contamination to include the most obvious waste material from nuclear industry activity up stream conducted since 1957 and has been documented in scientific reports. It should be stated that there are no safe levels of radiation for human health, although allowable levels are in the water quality standards to assure industry is not “impeded by frivolous environmental or health obligations”.

The state by allowing pollutants to enter the Nolichucky River will cause degradation to the aquatic health of the river system and in extension injury to the public. There is a high potential for this water discharge to cause contamination in the form of increased nutrients of an organic nature that are incorporated in the inorganic sand materials or organics that alight on the surface of the project area. These organics have the potential to result in algal blooms followed by algal die off causing a change in water oxygen availability to aquatic species. Temperature of the waters can also be altered due to warm water run off from the bare soils of the pit due to increased radiant energy to these bare surfaces, which can result in an alteration of the biological oxygen demand of the river.

I ask that a more thorough analysis of the river geomorphology be completed by an independent and knowledgeable geologist, whom understands the geomorphology of river action that develops and erode river meanders to include; cut bank and point bar development, gravel settling, and the movement of the river mender over time down stream as years of river flow continue. I ask that a geomorphologic engineer be employed to independently make an analysis of the barrier/buffer at the edge of the river, which is intended to only separate the river and the excavation area by a “mere” 50 feet to determine its vulnerability to flood waters.

Considering storm events that are based on the short duration of 10 year and 24 hours is too limited. Believing that the storage pond to hold water run off from the pit area is adequate and even “over designed” is naïve. To think it is more than adequate and will not be compromised by one large storm event especially in our era of Climate Disruption would prove a complete failure of the proposed project area inundated by floodwaters adding very large amounts of sediments to an already heavily sediment loaded and turbid river.

A full analytical and nonbiased report should be conducted by an independent source. It should be a complete and easy to understand report offered to the public to assure that wastewaters have near zero impact to the natural system, agriculture and the public. Waters of the Nolichucky River at the outfall location are impaired for sediment loading and are listed on Tennessee’s 303(d) list of impaired waterways. The impairment is due to sedimentation and siltation from irrigated crop production, sources outside the Tennessee jurisdiction and grazing in riparian or shoreline zones. The proposed water discharge permit is “cavalier” in thinking that of all the sediment loading actions occurring on the Nolichucky River up stream rendering the river to be impaired that to now add additional sediments to the river which cause these impairments is an abdication and a failure of state responsibility to protect state waters.

Adding additional wastewaters to the already impaired waters will only add an increase of degradation to the river system and cause the decline of native species of aquatic life. The farming community near the use area may have a concern about the impact of this pit and it’s subsequent water run off to this valuable river system. The visual insult caused by this project to neighbors and the community and on dry days where dust abatement would be difficult to manage is objectionable but most importantly contamination of river waters with known material and no concern for unmonitored materials is an abdication of state water quality intent.

The draft document has two subjective statements that are challengeable. Best Management Practices and Best Professional Judgment. Best Management Practices are used as a “trust me” statement for every project. If resources of academic review were available to counter these management practices it would most likely result in disputing this claim of best management? Additionally; Best Professional Judgment can also be challenged as a subjective determination and an individual knowledgeable in geomorphology of river system function could easily challenge the earlier “professional” showing that as the river system works with time the river can compromise an artificial “support” of the project protecting buffer, allowing the river to seek the area of least resistance collapsing any dike, buffer or development to hold back the river.

Criteria of mined wastewater or process wastewater is 40.0 mg/L for total suspended solids and an allowance of pH impact to be within 6.0 to 9.0 Standard Units. The draft document states that no floating scum and organics will be allowed.  The draft document has no other requirement for potential chemicals within the sediments no monitoring of heavy metals within the sediments and no consideration that uranium may have contaminated the sediments by upstream industry.

Although there is no obligation for an Environmental Assessment the need for this location to acquire sands is in question. Does the sand company not have an alternative location away from the river and away from public waters? This river corridor and riparian habitat is certainly not the location for an open mine activity.

It is noticed in Part I (B): Storm Water Reporting Levels and Monitoring Requirements that the document states if storm water discharges were to occur that samples would be necessary after every storm of 0.1 inch or more, TSS would be allowed at 150mg/L, pH would be allowed between 5.0 to 9.0, and that oil and grease would be monitored and allowed to 15 mg/L during these events. However this monitoring would be unusually frequent since storm events of 0.1 or more are very frequent. However since most of the project area would be in association with run off to the holding pond it is unexpected that the operator would conduct these sampling activities. I ask is the Storm Water Reporting Levels and Monitoring Requirements important or unimportant?   

I contend that the permit proposal is incomplete for information and details of the project operation and that the engineering plan/report be available for study to determine the capability of the buffer to prevent the river from compromising the project area.

I believe this project has the high likely hood of causing degradation to the Nolichucky River and is contrary to the Anti-degradation responsibility of the state. I also state that the caveat of water quality within state regulations that allows degradation of waters if “economically and socially necessary” is a subjective call and it bodes the respondent to ask; “who’s economics, who’s social necessity”? As with Best Management Practices and Best Professional Judgment this idea that “dollar value to the individual or industry out ways the economic cost to the public and the social values to the citizen is not only challengeable but an “oxymoron” that is so common in our statutes which provides an “out” for development and to degrade nature that is put in place by “political maneuvering”. 

If the social or economic necessity is to be there, then as with the responsibility to make public a process to inform its citizens of the proposed water discharge permit. I ask that the indirect costs of the project to the entirety of the community of citizens be measured fully. That the cost to our social values be measured. I use my earlier example of the Nolichucky dam above as one of thousands of such socio-economic impacts in determining the true cost to the social/economic value.    

If Daniels and Parvin Sand Company is intent on marketing sands they should prepare a more inclusive analysis and assure all concerned that there will be near Zero impact to the environment, water quality and health of the Nolichucky River.

I ask that this draft NPDES permit TN0070394 as it is presently proposed be denied and ask the applicant to assure that any sand mining activity does not cost neighbors and fellow citizens an expense that Daniels and Parvin Sand Company is not willing to pay on their behalf.





With Respect,


Stan Olmstead

Natural Resource Advocate

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